- The case involved cross-rectification petitions filed by Times Publishing House Ltd. (TPHL) and The Financial Times Ltd. (FTL) regarding trademark registrations for the marks "Financial Times" and "FT".
- A key issue was whether FTL had established sufficient use and reputation of the marks in India to maintain trademark validity given its limited circulation. FTL argued it had shown trans-border reputation while TPHL argued use must be determined by strict evidence of use in India.
- The IPAB accepted FTL's evidence of trans-border reputation through its subscriber list and syndication agreement with TPHL. It ruled the marks had become distinctive of FTL and quality was more important than quantity given
The document provides information about the Special 301 provisions of the US Trade Act which allows the USTR to identify countries that do not provide adequate intellectual property protection. The USTR publishes an annual Special 301 Report identifying Priority Foreign Countries, Priority Watch List, and Watch List countries. Priority Foreign Countries are subject to investigations and potential trade sanctions under Section 301 of the Trade Act. The Special 301 process is criticized for pressuring countries to adopt IP standards favored by the US.
- The case was an amalgamation of five related applications for cancellation and rectification of trademarks related to the marks "Financial Times" and "FT" registered by The Financial Times Limited (FTL) of the UK and Times Publishing House Limited (TPHL) of India.
- The key issues addressed by the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) were whether the marks were descriptive without acquired distinctiveness due to use, and the concept of reputation without use in the context of well-known marks.
This document discusses various aspects of intellectual property (IP) including definitions, categories of IP rights, international organizations related to IP, IP protection treaties, and IP laws governing IP in India. Specifically, it defines IP as an output of intellect having commercial importance/value and intangible assets like trademarks, patents, and copyright. It also outlines categories of IP rights, management and protection of IP, and the Indian laws governing different types of IP.
The document contains information about the Union Budget 2017-2018 presented by the Finance Minister of India. It includes key highlights from the budget such as major allocations to agriculture, rural development, healthcare, infrastructure, and other sectors. Reforms such as the Goods and Services Tax and demonetization are also summarized. The budget aims to boost growth, promote rural development and empower the farmers, youth, women and underprivileged sections of society.
This document discusses patents in outer space. It notes that patents are territorial rights, but outer space does not belong to any nation. It outlines international space law and treaties, particularly the Outer Space Treaty, which holds that outer space is free for use and exploration by all countries. The document discusses sovereignty in space, the importance of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation, and how national patent laws can apply based on jurisdiction over space objects and stations. It concludes that harmonizing intellectual property regimes can encourage cooperation in space exploration for the benefit of humanity.
The document discusses the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in India. It provides background on its establishment, including that the government set up BIFR in 1987 based on recommendations from a 1981 committee to address industrial sickness. It summarizes the objectives of BIFR as taking legal, financial and managerial measures to aid revival of sick industrial units. The document also briefly outlines the types of companies that fall under BIFR and how references are made to it.
The document discusses the London Agreement, an optional agreement between European Patent Organisation member states aimed at reducing translation costs for European patents. It outlines how the Agreement divides countries into two types - those where no specification translation is required, and those where translation of the specification into English, French, or German is required. Several countries have now signed onto the Agreement, allowing significant potential cost savings for patent applicants.
Role of sebi in market management and corporate governanceAltacit Global
The document discusses the role of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the capital markets and corporate governance in India. It provides details on SEBI's objectives to protect investors, regulate intermediaries and ensure fair practices in the market. SEBI functions through departments and advisory committees to achieve its goals of regulatory oversight, transparency and investor protection. It oversees stock exchanges, licenses brokers and monitors mergers and acquisitions. SEBI aims to create an efficient market that facilitates business needs while preventing fraud and promoting good governance.
The document provides information about the Special 301 provisions of the US Trade Act which allows the USTR to identify countries that do not provide adequate intellectual property protection. The USTR publishes an annual Special 301 Report identifying Priority Foreign Countries, Priority Watch List, and Watch List countries. Priority Foreign Countries are subject to investigations and potential trade sanctions under Section 301 of the Trade Act. The Special 301 process is criticized for pressuring countries to adopt IP standards favored by the US.
- The case was an amalgamation of five related applications for cancellation and rectification of trademarks related to the marks "Financial Times" and "FT" registered by The Financial Times Limited (FTL) of the UK and Times Publishing House Limited (TPHL) of India.
- The key issues addressed by the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) were whether the marks were descriptive without acquired distinctiveness due to use, and the concept of reputation without use in the context of well-known marks.
This document discusses various aspects of intellectual property (IP) including definitions, categories of IP rights, international organizations related to IP, IP protection treaties, and IP laws governing IP in India. Specifically, it defines IP as an output of intellect having commercial importance/value and intangible assets like trademarks, patents, and copyright. It also outlines categories of IP rights, management and protection of IP, and the Indian laws governing different types of IP.
The document contains information about the Union Budget 2017-2018 presented by the Finance Minister of India. It includes key highlights from the budget such as major allocations to agriculture, rural development, healthcare, infrastructure, and other sectors. Reforms such as the Goods and Services Tax and demonetization are also summarized. The budget aims to boost growth, promote rural development and empower the farmers, youth, women and underprivileged sections of society.
This document discusses patents in outer space. It notes that patents are territorial rights, but outer space does not belong to any nation. It outlines international space law and treaties, particularly the Outer Space Treaty, which holds that outer space is free for use and exploration by all countries. The document discusses sovereignty in space, the importance of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation, and how national patent laws can apply based on jurisdiction over space objects and stations. It concludes that harmonizing intellectual property regimes can encourage cooperation in space exploration for the benefit of humanity.
The document discusses the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in India. It provides background on its establishment, including that the government set up BIFR in 1987 based on recommendations from a 1981 committee to address industrial sickness. It summarizes the objectives of BIFR as taking legal, financial and managerial measures to aid revival of sick industrial units. The document also briefly outlines the types of companies that fall under BIFR and how references are made to it.
The document discusses the London Agreement, an optional agreement between European Patent Organisation member states aimed at reducing translation costs for European patents. It outlines how the Agreement divides countries into two types - those where no specification translation is required, and those where translation of the specification into English, French, or German is required. Several countries have now signed onto the Agreement, allowing significant potential cost savings for patent applicants.
Role of sebi in market management and corporate governanceAltacit Global
The document discusses the role of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the capital markets and corporate governance in India. It provides details on SEBI's objectives to protect investors, regulate intermediaries and ensure fair practices in the market. SEBI functions through departments and advisory committees to achieve its goals of regulatory oversight, transparency and investor protection. It oversees stock exchanges, licenses brokers and monitors mergers and acquisitions. SEBI aims to create an efficient market that facilitates business needs while preventing fraud and promoting good governance.
This document provides contact information for the company Altacit, including addresses and phone numbers for their offices in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It also lists their email and website. The document references "The Café Madras Case" but does not provide any additional context about the case.
The document provides information on the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Takeover Code. It discusses that the SEBI Takeover Code regulates acquisitions of shares or control in Indian listed companies. It also outlines the three most significant orders passed by SEBI in 2017 related to the Takeover Code for acquisitions in Refex Industries Limited, Deep Industries Limited, and Pudumjee Industries Limited. Additionally, it provides background on SEBI, the objectives of SEBI regulations, and a summary of the latest amendments made to the SEBI Takeover Code.
The document outlines key details from the draft Unmanned Aircraft System Rules, 2020 released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of India. Some of the major points covered in the draft rules include requiring prior authorization for manufacturing, importing, owning and operating drones; eligibility conditions for authorization; insurance requirements; rules around carrying payloads and restrictions on photography; and the framework for establishing drone ports and corridors. The document also discusses definitions related to unmanned aircraft systems and drones, categories of drones based on weight, and potential future areas where drones may be used such as for BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations and delivery of goods.
The document discusses the Supreme Court of India case Enercon vs Yogesh Mehra, which rationalized the procedure for patent revocation in India. The Court held that under Section 64 of the Patents Act, a party can either file a revocation petition before the IPAB or a counterclaim in a patent infringement suit before the High Court, but not both simultaneously. This prevents opponents from challenging patent validity through multiple forums. In this case, the Respondents had filed revocation petitions before the IPAB as well as counterclaims before the High Court, so the Supreme Court ruled they must choose one forum and barred simultaneous proceedings.
The document discusses the requirements for compliance with Section 8 of the Indian Patents Act when filing foreign patent applications. It provides an overview of Section 8 and Rule 12 which require applicants to file statements regarding corresponding foreign applications. It summarizes some key court cases that evaluate Section 8 compliance and the standard for revocation of a patent due to non-compliance. Specifically, it finds that non-compliance must be intentional or material to the patent granting decision. The document concludes with recommendations for applicants to diligently submit all required documents to avoid unintentionally missing information.
The document discusses business method patents, which protect novel ways of conducting business. It provides examples of business method patents, such as Amazon's 1-click ordering patent. It outlines the requirements for a business method patent, including being useful, novel, and non-obvious. The legality of business method patents varies by jurisdiction, with the US allowing them but India and the EU prohibiting patents for business methods or algorithms alone.
The document discusses Lok Adalat, an alternative dispute resolution system developed in India. It provides addresses and contact details for Lok Adalat locations in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then summarizes the constitution, workings, focus, nature of cases handled, and examples of state legal authorities that organize Lok Adalats in India.
The link between intellectual property and sportsAltacit Global
The document discusses the link between intellectual property and sports. It notes that innovation and creativity are key drivers in the sports world. Intellectual property rights like trademarks, patents, copyright and designs play an important role in the commercialization of sports and help secure the economic value of sports properties. Sports franchises capitalize on intellectual property rights through merchandising, advertisements and licenses. The Olympic properties like the Olympic symbol enjoy special legal protection.
E waste management and handling rules, 2011Altacit Global
This document provides information on the E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 in India. It summarizes key aspects of the rules including definitions of electronic waste, hazardous components in e-waste, and producer responsibilities under the rules. Specifically, it states that the rules make producers responsible for recycling and reducing e-waste, require consumer awareness programs, and mandate record keeping and reporting for producers, collection centers, and dismantlers/recyclers.
Environmental and other implications of the supreme court verdit on the bs iv...Altacit Global
The Supreme Court of India ordered a freeze on the sale and registration of vehicles not meeting the upcoming BS-IV emission standards from April 1, 2017. This will prevent automakers from selling an estimated stock of 8.24 lakh BS-III vehicles, prioritizing public health over the commercial interests of automakers. The court prohibited the registration of BS-III vehicles from April 1st as well, except for vehicles already sold to customers before this date.
The document discusses the overlap between copyright and trademark protections. It provides examples of how the same product like a t-shirt or book can be protected by both copyright for the original content and trademark for any distinctive logos or brands. Both protections can co-exist under the same work. Trademark protects brands and logos from confusingly similar uses while copyright protects the original creative content from being copied. It is common for different types of intellectual property like patents, trademarks and copyrights to overlap in their protections.
The document provides information about income tax slabs and rates for the financial year 2018-19 in India. It summarizes tax rates for individuals, HUF, senior citizens, and companies. It also describes various tax saving investment options available under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act such as tax saving fixed deposits, PPF, EPF, NPS, life insurance premiums, tuition fees, home loan repayments, and Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana. The maximum tax deduction allowed under Section 80C is Rs. 1.5 lakh per financial year.
This document contains information about copyright law in India. It discusses key topics like what copyright is, the Copyright Amendment Act of 2012, transfer of copyright ownership, assignment of future copyright, and the future of digital copyright. The document provides contact information for multiple Altacit offices in various Indian cities and states their email and website.
The document provides information about Altacit, an intellectual property firm, including their office addresses and contact details. It then discusses various topics related to patents, including the meaning of a patent, patent pools, the patent pool process, benefits of patent pools, the definition and objective of antitrust laws, and examples of relevant case laws on antitrust like United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association and Chicago Board of Trade v. United States.
The document provides information about wealth tax in India including key details such as:
- Wealth tax is charged under the Wealth Tax Act of 1957 at 1% of net wealth over Rs. 30 lakhs.
- Net wealth is the excess of aggregate value of assets over aggregate value of debts as on the valuation date of March 31 every year.
- Various assets defined under the act include residential house, motor vehicles, jewellery, urban land, cash in hand etc. Deemed assets and exempted assets are also defined.
- Filing of return of wealth is mandatory if net wealth exceeds Rs. 30 lakhs.
The document discusses key aspects of the National Building Code of India including its purpose of regulating building construction, provisions for fire safety, structural design, lifts, plumbing, and other building services. It provides guidelines for construction materials, structural stability, health, and safety in accordance with Bureau of Indian Standards codes.
This document contains contact information for Altacit, an intellectual property law firm with offices in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then provides summaries of their services, which include IP assessment, strategy, valuation, management, training and awareness, protection, enforcement, risk management, and insurance. The final section emphasizes that good IP risk management can improve business operations and distinguish a firm in the market.
The document discusses non-patentable inventions in India according to Section 3 of the Indian Patent Act of 1970. Some key types of non-patentable inventions include perpetual motions machines, methods of medical treatment, plants and animals in whole or in part, mathematical methods, and literary/artistic works. The document provides examples for each type and outlines the criteria that make the invention non-patentable under Indian law.
The document discusses field of use limitations in patent licensing. It explains that a field of use limitation restricts a licensee's authorization to use a patented invention to a specified field or market. For example, a license may allow a licensee to manufacture patented engines only for incorporation into trucks. If the licensee exceeds the licensed field of use, it would be patent infringement. The document also provides examples of when field of use licensing is useful and discusses challenges associated with implementing field of use restrictions.
This document discusses standard essential patents (SEPs). It begins by defining an SEP as a patent that claims an invention necessary to comply with a technical standard. It then provides an example of mobile swiping technology being an SEP. The document outlines key differences between essential and non-essential patents. It also discusses challenges around determining fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms for SEPs. Specifically, it notes the inherent tension between companies developing standards and those seeking licenses, as well as the intersection of patent and competition law. The document concludes by stating SEPs holders should use their powerful market position constructively for societal betterment.
This document provides contact information for the company Altacit, including addresses and phone numbers for their offices in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad. It also lists their email and website. The document references "The Café Madras Case" but does not provide any additional context about the case.
The document provides information on the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Takeover Code. It discusses that the SEBI Takeover Code regulates acquisitions of shares or control in Indian listed companies. It also outlines the three most significant orders passed by SEBI in 2017 related to the Takeover Code for acquisitions in Refex Industries Limited, Deep Industries Limited, and Pudumjee Industries Limited. Additionally, it provides background on SEBI, the objectives of SEBI regulations, and a summary of the latest amendments made to the SEBI Takeover Code.
The document outlines key details from the draft Unmanned Aircraft System Rules, 2020 released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of India. Some of the major points covered in the draft rules include requiring prior authorization for manufacturing, importing, owning and operating drones; eligibility conditions for authorization; insurance requirements; rules around carrying payloads and restrictions on photography; and the framework for establishing drone ports and corridors. The document also discusses definitions related to unmanned aircraft systems and drones, categories of drones based on weight, and potential future areas where drones may be used such as for BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations and delivery of goods.
The document discusses the Supreme Court of India case Enercon vs Yogesh Mehra, which rationalized the procedure for patent revocation in India. The Court held that under Section 64 of the Patents Act, a party can either file a revocation petition before the IPAB or a counterclaim in a patent infringement suit before the High Court, but not both simultaneously. This prevents opponents from challenging patent validity through multiple forums. In this case, the Respondents had filed revocation petitions before the IPAB as well as counterclaims before the High Court, so the Supreme Court ruled they must choose one forum and barred simultaneous proceedings.
The document discusses the requirements for compliance with Section 8 of the Indian Patents Act when filing foreign patent applications. It provides an overview of Section 8 and Rule 12 which require applicants to file statements regarding corresponding foreign applications. It summarizes some key court cases that evaluate Section 8 compliance and the standard for revocation of a patent due to non-compliance. Specifically, it finds that non-compliance must be intentional or material to the patent granting decision. The document concludes with recommendations for applicants to diligently submit all required documents to avoid unintentionally missing information.
The document discusses business method patents, which protect novel ways of conducting business. It provides examples of business method patents, such as Amazon's 1-click ordering patent. It outlines the requirements for a business method patent, including being useful, novel, and non-obvious. The legality of business method patents varies by jurisdiction, with the US allowing them but India and the EU prohibiting patents for business methods or algorithms alone.
The document discusses Lok Adalat, an alternative dispute resolution system developed in India. It provides addresses and contact details for Lok Adalat locations in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then summarizes the constitution, workings, focus, nature of cases handled, and examples of state legal authorities that organize Lok Adalats in India.
The link between intellectual property and sportsAltacit Global
The document discusses the link between intellectual property and sports. It notes that innovation and creativity are key drivers in the sports world. Intellectual property rights like trademarks, patents, copyright and designs play an important role in the commercialization of sports and help secure the economic value of sports properties. Sports franchises capitalize on intellectual property rights through merchandising, advertisements and licenses. The Olympic properties like the Olympic symbol enjoy special legal protection.
E waste management and handling rules, 2011Altacit Global
This document provides information on the E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 in India. It summarizes key aspects of the rules including definitions of electronic waste, hazardous components in e-waste, and producer responsibilities under the rules. Specifically, it states that the rules make producers responsible for recycling and reducing e-waste, require consumer awareness programs, and mandate record keeping and reporting for producers, collection centers, and dismantlers/recyclers.
Environmental and other implications of the supreme court verdit on the bs iv...Altacit Global
The Supreme Court of India ordered a freeze on the sale and registration of vehicles not meeting the upcoming BS-IV emission standards from April 1, 2017. This will prevent automakers from selling an estimated stock of 8.24 lakh BS-III vehicles, prioritizing public health over the commercial interests of automakers. The court prohibited the registration of BS-III vehicles from April 1st as well, except for vehicles already sold to customers before this date.
The document discusses the overlap between copyright and trademark protections. It provides examples of how the same product like a t-shirt or book can be protected by both copyright for the original content and trademark for any distinctive logos or brands. Both protections can co-exist under the same work. Trademark protects brands and logos from confusingly similar uses while copyright protects the original creative content from being copied. It is common for different types of intellectual property like patents, trademarks and copyrights to overlap in their protections.
The document provides information about income tax slabs and rates for the financial year 2018-19 in India. It summarizes tax rates for individuals, HUF, senior citizens, and companies. It also describes various tax saving investment options available under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act such as tax saving fixed deposits, PPF, EPF, NPS, life insurance premiums, tuition fees, home loan repayments, and Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana. The maximum tax deduction allowed under Section 80C is Rs. 1.5 lakh per financial year.
This document contains information about copyright law in India. It discusses key topics like what copyright is, the Copyright Amendment Act of 2012, transfer of copyright ownership, assignment of future copyright, and the future of digital copyright. The document provides contact information for multiple Altacit offices in various Indian cities and states their email and website.
The document provides information about Altacit, an intellectual property firm, including their office addresses and contact details. It then discusses various topics related to patents, including the meaning of a patent, patent pools, the patent pool process, benefits of patent pools, the definition and objective of antitrust laws, and examples of relevant case laws on antitrust like United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association and Chicago Board of Trade v. United States.
The document provides information about wealth tax in India including key details such as:
- Wealth tax is charged under the Wealth Tax Act of 1957 at 1% of net wealth over Rs. 30 lakhs.
- Net wealth is the excess of aggregate value of assets over aggregate value of debts as on the valuation date of March 31 every year.
- Various assets defined under the act include residential house, motor vehicles, jewellery, urban land, cash in hand etc. Deemed assets and exempted assets are also defined.
- Filing of return of wealth is mandatory if net wealth exceeds Rs. 30 lakhs.
The document discusses key aspects of the National Building Code of India including its purpose of regulating building construction, provisions for fire safety, structural design, lifts, plumbing, and other building services. It provides guidelines for construction materials, structural stability, health, and safety in accordance with Bureau of Indian Standards codes.
This document contains contact information for Altacit, an intellectual property law firm with offices in Chennai, Bangalore, and Coimbatore. It then provides summaries of their services, which include IP assessment, strategy, valuation, management, training and awareness, protection, enforcement, risk management, and insurance. The final section emphasizes that good IP risk management can improve business operations and distinguish a firm in the market.
The document discusses non-patentable inventions in India according to Section 3 of the Indian Patent Act of 1970. Some key types of non-patentable inventions include perpetual motions machines, methods of medical treatment, plants and animals in whole or in part, mathematical methods, and literary/artistic works. The document provides examples for each type and outlines the criteria that make the invention non-patentable under Indian law.
The document discusses field of use limitations in patent licensing. It explains that a field of use limitation restricts a licensee's authorization to use a patented invention to a specified field or market. For example, a license may allow a licensee to manufacture patented engines only for incorporation into trucks. If the licensee exceeds the licensed field of use, it would be patent infringement. The document also provides examples of when field of use licensing is useful and discusses challenges associated with implementing field of use restrictions.
This document discusses standard essential patents (SEPs). It begins by defining an SEP as a patent that claims an invention necessary to comply with a technical standard. It then provides an example of mobile swiping technology being an SEP. The document outlines key differences between essential and non-essential patents. It also discusses challenges around determining fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms for SEPs. Specifically, it notes the inherent tension between companies developing standards and those seeking licenses, as well as the intersection of patent and competition law. The document concludes by stating SEPs holders should use their powerful market position constructively for societal betterment.
The document discusses dividend, which is the return on investment made in company shares. It can be paid from company profits. Dividend is entitled to shareholders as owners. While preference share dividend rates are fixed, equity shares vary depending on profits. The document outlines different types of dividends and legal regulations around dividend declaration from profits according to the Companies Act.
The document describes the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It introduces the 8086, which was released in 1978 and contains 29,000 transistors. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, and can address up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 architecture contains a Bus Interface Unit (BIU) that handles memory access and instruction fetching, and an Execution Unit (EU) that decodes and executes instructions. It has 14 16-bit registers including general purpose, pointer, segment, and status registers used for arithmetic operations, memory addressing, and instruction execution.
O documento fornece um resumo do contexto histórico-cultural do pré-modernismo no Brasil e na Europa entre 1902-1922. Apresenta os principais acontecimentos no Brasil como a Revolta da Armada, a Guerra do Contestado e a Guerra de Canudos, além de greves operárias. Na Europa, destaca a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Revolução Russa e a crise de 1929. Fornece também informações sobre avanços científicos e mudanças sociais no período.
El documento describe las seis generaciones de computadoras desde 1946 hasta la actualidad. La primera generación (1946-1958) utilizaba relés electromecánicos y tubos de vacío. La segunda generación (1958-1964) introdujo los transistores. La tercera generación (1964-1971) vio la integración de transistores en circuitos integrados. La cuarta generación (1971-1983) trajo los microprocesadores. La quinta generación (1984-1999) se caracterizó por la inteligencia artificial, procesamiento paralelo y conectividad en Internet.
Este documento describe las características de los grandes datos y Apache Hadoop. Explica que Hadoop es una plataforma de código abierto para almacenar y analizar grandes conjuntos de datos de forma distribuida a través de clústeres de hardware estándar. Sus componentes principales son HDFS para almacenamiento distribuido de datos y MapReduce para procesamiento paralelo. También describe otros componentes como Pig, Hive, Sqoop y cómo Microsoft ofrece Hadoop a través de HDInsight en Windows Server y Azure.
The document discusses computer viruses including their history, types, and effects. It lists different types of viruses such as memory resident viruses, direct action viruses, overwrite viruses, boot sector viruses, macro viruses, and more. The document also describes how viruses can slow down computers, corrupt files, damage the boot sector, steal information, and make computers unusable in worst cases. It provides examples of viruses and recommends scanning emails, using firewalls, installing antivirus software, avoiding suspicious websites and downloads to counter computer viruses.
This document discusses teaching students about the concept of average. It provides examples to demonstrate how to calculate average using formulas and step-by-step work. The examples show students averaging numbers of counters distributed among groups and averaging weights of students. The document emphasizes that an average can be a decimal number, and distinguishes average from concepts like sharing. It aims to help students understand what average represents and how to properly apply the average formula.
This document contains the resume of Carol Foy. It summarizes her extensive experience in financial management and development across multiple industries spanning over 35 years. It includes details of her roles and responsibilities, career achievements, skills, education and personal information.
La présentation que j'ai faite à l'AG du personnel de la CAF de Pau le 24 novembre 2015. Présentation réalisée avec Claude Poulain et Victoria Brun de l'Agence départementale Numérique 64.
Ce document était destiné à une présentation à l'écran, pour comprendre, utilisez le document PDF qui porte le même titre également publié sur Slideshare.
A insuficiência cardíaca é uma doença muito comum, com morbidade e mortalidade severa, e é um motivo freqüente de internação.
A anemia e uma insuficiência renal concomitante são dois principais fatores de risco que contribuem para a gravidade do caso
Traditional folk culture still plays an important role in Czech family life. Common traditions include celebrating life events like births, weddings and deaths through food, songs and costumes. Families also come together to observe holidays, take part in annual festivals and visit folklore museums. While modernization has changed housing and fashion, passing cultural traditions from older to younger generations remains an important part of family identity and community life in the Czech Republic.
El documento describe el nacimiento del cartel político durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y la Revolución Rusa. Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, los carteles propagandísticos exaltaban valores patrióticos y alentaban el alistamiento militar. Luego de la guerra, los carteles también justificaron la guerra y demostraron el poder militar. Durante la Revolución Rusa, las vanguardias artísticas contribuyeron a las transformaciones sociales a través de carteles que exaltaban las victorias del Ejército Ro
The document discusses key aspects of patent law in India including:
1. What a patent is and the rights it confers on the owner.
2. The main laws governing patents in India - The Patents Act of 1970 and Patents Rules of 2003.
3. Important cases related to compulsory licensing of drugs that impacted access to medicines.
The document discusses various intellectual property issues related to advertising. It covers different types of intellectual property rights that may be involved in advertising such as copyright, trademarks, geographical indications, patents, designs, publicity rights etc. It also discusses issues around usage of others' materials, likeness and prevention of trademark dilution in advertising. Comparative advertising guidelines and importance of non-disclosure agreements are also summarized.
(1) An SME exchange is a stock exchange dedicated for trading shares of small and medium enterprises that otherwise find it difficult to get listed on main exchanges due to strict compliance requirements. (2) SME exchanges provide a framework for SMEs to raise capital quickly at low cost through public listing. (3) However, lack of awareness about SME exchanges and potential for fraud pose challenges to getting more SMEs listed.
The document discusses the process of trademark rectification in India. It explains that rectification allows correcting errors or omissions in trademark registrations. An aggrieved party can file a rectification petition. The registry notifies the registered proprietor and matters proceed through evidence filing and a final hearing. Orders are appealable to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board.
The document discusses External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) in India. It provides information on:
1. ECB is a financial instrument that allows Indian companies to borrow money from foreign lenders.
2. ECB can be raised through the Automatic Route or Approval Route, with different eligible borrowers and conditions under each route.
3. Automatic Route allows borrowing up to USD 500 million per year, while Approval Route allows an additional USD 250 million with longer maturity. Key terms like eligible borrowers and lenders are also outlined.
1. A John Doe injunction is an ex parte remedy sought in anticipation of copyright infringement by unknown defendants to prevent infringement and avoid delay in justice.
2. It is used internationally to enforce intellectual property rights and was first used in India in 2002 against unauthorized broadcasting of the FIFA World Cup.
3. John Doe orders have been issued in India against the manufacture and sale of counterfeit goods and unauthorized posting of copyrighted content online.
The document discusses intellectual property protection strategies for Formula One racing teams. It notes that while teams do obtain some patents, most innovations are kept as trade secrets due to the fast-paced nature of F1 development. Trade secrets and confidentiality agreements are preferred over patents, as patents require disclosure and take too long to issue compared to the short F1 season. The document also provides examples of two legal cases involving alleged misuse of confidential information between F1 teams.
1. Patent evergreening refers to obtaining multiple patents on minor variations of an existing product to extend monopolies and delay generic competition. This practice is common in the pharmaceutical industry.
2. Section 3(d) of the Indian Patents Act prevents evergreening by not granting patents for new forms of known substances that do not enhance efficacy. This aims to ensure availability of affordable medicines.
3. Indian patent law has provisions to prohibit indefinite patent rights and recognizes need for low-cost drugs, showing its balancing of patent holder and public interests.
The document discusses different types of easements, which is a right to use another's real property. It describes an easement as allowing one landowner, known as the dominant estate, to use the land of another landowner, called the servient estate, for a specific purpose without owning the land. The document outlines various kinds of easements including rights-of-way, easements of support, easements of light and air, affirmative and negative easements, private and public easements, express and implied easements, easements by necessity, and easements by prior use. It provides addresses for the company's offices in Chennai, Bangalore and Coimbatore.
An easement is a certain right to use the real property of another without possessing it, such as a right-of-way over another's land. There must be a dominant estate that benefits from the easement and a servient estate that bears the burden. Easements can be affirmative or negative, private or public, express or implied, and established by necessity, prior use, or other legal means. Five elements are required to establish an easement by prior use.
Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. These raw commodities are traded on regulated commodities exchanges, in which they are bought and sold in standardized contracts.
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Similar to Use and reputation – ft – case (ipab) (20)
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1. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
USE AND REPUTATION – FT –
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
CASE (IPAB)
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
P.ILANANGAI
IP CONSULTANT
PATENT DEPARTMENT
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
2. USE AND REPUTATION
CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 Times Publishing House Ltd.
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Vs
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, The Financial Times Limited
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
Vs
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
3. USE AND REPUTATION
CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
• Reputation without use
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
• A recent order of the IPAB in rectification petitions
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
for the mark “Financial Times” has thrown forth
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, several interesting propositions.
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
• The dispute is between the Financial Times UK
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
# 48, Race Course Road,
(FTUK), which runs the well known publication
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921 Financial Times globally, and Times Publishing
House Ltd which runs the well known Indian
publication Economic Times within which it also
runs a supplement called Financial Times.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
4. Intellectual Property Appellate Board
CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
• Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) has been
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9, constituted by a Gazette notification of the Central
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, Government in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry on 15th
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 September 2003 to hear appeals against the decisions of the
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
Registrar under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and the
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
Protection) Act, 1999.
• In terms of the Notifications dated 2/4/2007, all the Appeals
pending before the various High Courts under the Patents Act,
1970, will stand transferred to the IPAB. Likewise, fresh
Rectification Applications, will have to be filed before the
EMAIL IPAB.
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
• IPAB has its headquarters at Chennai and shall have sittings at
www.altacit.com Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Ahmedabad.
5. USE AND REPUTATION
CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, • The case was an amalgamation of five related applications which are
148-150, Luz Church Road, as follows:
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004. • (i) TRA/6/2005/TM/DEL is for cancellation filed by Times Publishing
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
House Limited (TPHL) for the mark, ‘Financial Times’ registered in
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
the name of The Financial Times Limited (FTL) under No.468937 in
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
class 16.
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
• (ii) ORA/112/2006/TM/DEL is a rectification application filed by FTL
against the mark, ‘Financial Times’ registered in the name of TPHL
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue, under No.587870 in class 16.
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018. • (iii) OA/4/2006/TM/DEL is an appeal, filed by TPHL against the suo
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
motu order of the Registrar cancelling the registration granted in
favour of TPHL under No.587870 in class 16.
• (iv) ORA/64/2007/TM/DEL is a rectification application filed by
TPHL seeking cancellation of the mark ‘Financial Times’ registered
in the name of FTL under No.468936 in class 9.
• (v) ORA/67/2007/TM/DEL is a rectification application filed by
EMAIL TPHL seeking cancellation of the registration of the mark ‘FT’
info@altacit.com
registered in the name of FTL under No.468932 in class 16.
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
6. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
• Class 9: Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and
BANGALORE instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating,
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001. transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
carriers, recording discs; compact discs, DVDs and other digital
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
recording media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers;
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921 computer software; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
• Class 16: Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not
included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material;
photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household
purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office
requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
(except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in
other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
7. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
• The cross-rectifications were:
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004. 1. Times filed rectifications against FTUK’s registration of the
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
marks “Financial Times” and “FT” in classes 9 and 16.
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
2. FTUK filed rectification against Time’s registration of
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001. “Financial Times” under class 16.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
8. ISSUES
CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, First Application
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, A. Descriptive and Use of Mark in India
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
TPHL’s contentions
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9, •TPHL sought rectification on the grounds that the mark was descriptive
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, and unless there is evidence of distinctiveness, the mark must be
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 removed from the register. Evidence of distinctiveness should be on the
COIMBATORE basis of use of the mark in India. FT has only been able to show a
BB1, Park Avenue,
# 48, Race Course Road, circulation of 350-500 copies in India which is insignificant.
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
•The newspaper industry earned revenue mainly through advertisements
and not by circulation. Financial Times Limited’s low sales in India
coupled with lack of evidence regarding advertisements for Indian
goods show that the quantum of sales did not amount to use in India.
•FTL has not been able to establish trans-border reputation in India.
EMAIL contd..
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
9. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, • The syndication agreement entered into with FTL was only to
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, indicate source of the syndicated articles for publication and
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 does not prove use of the mark.
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
• The decision regarding validity should be tested by the strict
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, rule of evidence.
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 • Mere use of mark will not prove distinctiveness.
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
10. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, FTL’s contentions
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, •TPHL could not deny FTL’s Indian presence and territorial reputation as it
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 was itself a FTL subscriber and had entered into syndication agreements
BANGALORE
with FTL.
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers, •TPHL cannot allege that the mark is only descriptive and unless
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001. distinctiveness is proved the mark must be removed from the register since
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
they have themselves applied for registration of the same mark.
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue, •The newspaper had existed for 124 years and enjoyed a formidable
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018. reputation. The extent of trans-border reputation would amount to
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
distinctiveness. The trans-border reputation was supported by its use.
•The use of the newspaper cannot be determined by quantity alone, the
quality, price and target audience must also be taken into consideration.
•Just because a company’s goods are not sold in the open market does not
mean that their goods cannot have acquired reputation in India.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
11. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, Held
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, •The court accepted FTL’s evidence of a subscribers list, proof of ‘A
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 Financial Times Conference” organised in 1981 and the syndicated
BANGALORE
agreement with TPHL. On the basis of this evidence it held that FTL had
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
proved trans-border reputation and its intention to enter India.
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001. •It held that the mark had become distinctive of FTL. Quality was more
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
important than quantity, the newspaper was meant for a specific target
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue, audience. Therefore the minimal number of newspapers sent to India was
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018. not an issue.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
• However, it was held that there was no evidence to suggest use from
1948.
•TPHL’s application was removal of the mark was therefore allowed.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
12. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, B. Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 (PRB)
148-150, Luz Church Road, TPHL’s contentions
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004. FTL has not complied with the provisions of the PRB which regulates the
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
publication of a newspaper in India and therefore is not entitled to have the mark
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9, registered.
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 FTL’s contentions
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
The Act was not applicable in this case. The PRB Act applies only to newspapers
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
printed and published in India and circulation is not the same as printing and
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921 publication. The Act does not cover circulation of newspapers.
Held
The PRB Act does not apply in the present case. S.6 of the PRB bars adoption of a
title similar to an existing title and to that extent the PRB is applicable. When FTL
applied for this mark, there was no other newspaper being published under the
EMAIL
same title so there is no violation of the PRB Act. FTL only circulates their paper
info@altacit.com
in India, once they start printing or publishing their paper they will have to comply
WEBSITE
with the law.
www.altacit.com
13. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’, • Second Application:
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore, • FTUK filed rectification against Time’s registration of “Financial
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821 Times” under class 16. This application was filed by TPHL under
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
the old act i.e. the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958.
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road, • S.56 (equivalent provision is S.57 in the new Act) of the Act
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 provides for cancellation of mark on the ground of any
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
contravention or failure to observe the conditions entered on the
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
register.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
• S.56(2) gives to the rectifying authority, a wide area of discretion
to check the wrong entries made without sufficient cause or an
error or defect in the entry. The High Court was the rectifying
authority earlier, under the new Act it is the IPAB.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
14. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
• The Board in deciding Time’s registration of “Financial
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Times” stated that:
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
i. TPHL and FTL were in the same business and TPHL would
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9, have been aware of the existence of FTL and had entered
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
into syndication agreements with FTUK for articles from the
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 Financial Times.
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue, ii. TPHL was not able to prove distinctive use of the mark, the
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018. circulation figures cannot be accepted as evidence in
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
furtherance of distinctive use since TPHL’s Financial Times
was circulated as a complimentary copy with Economic
Times, and therefore their version of the Financial Times had
not established any reputation on its own. Therefore, the
Board also cancelled Times registration.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
15. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
• To conclude:
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
• The IPAB ordered the removal of Financial Times
BANGALORE
Limited’s mark from the register as it was not able
to prove use from 1948.
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400 • However it allowed FTL’s rectification
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue, application against the mark, ‘Financial Times’
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
registered by Times Publishing House Ltd.
• The position today therefore, is that no one has
registration for the mark “Financial Times”.
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com
16. CHENNAI
3rd Floor, ‘Creative Enclave’,
148-150, Luz Church Road,
Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.
Tel: +91 - 44 - 2498 4821
BANGALORE
Suite 920, Level 9,
Raheja Towers,
26-27, M G Road,
Bangalore - 560 001.
Tel: +91 - 80 - 6546 2400
COIMBATORE
BB1, Park Avenue,
THANK YOU
# 48, Race Course Road,
Coimbatore - 641018.
Tel: +91 - 422 – 6552921
EMAIL
info@altacit.com
WEBSITE
www.altacit.com